Lithium iron phosphate (LFP), as the positive electrode material of energy storage batteries, has great advantages in terms of safety performance and cycle life, which is also one of the most important technical indicators of power batteries. LFP has good safety performance, long cycle life, high energy density, and is environmentally friendly. Compared with lead-acid batteries with low initial cost and high maintenance cost, lithium iron phosphate batteries have high initial cost but low maintenance cost. Typically, a home energy storage system requires little manual maintenance to keep it running at a good level.
But low maintenance cost is relative, no matter what type of battery it is, it is very sensitive. Especially in the process of using the battery, it is inevitable that there will be loss. Due to the difference in the external environment and the way of use, the degree of this loss is also different. Through professional maintenance, the loss of the battery can be minimized, thereby prolonging the service life of the battery.
When using lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage system, what specific points should be paid attention to? Below we list some key points for energy storage system maintenance to help you extend the service life of the energy storage system as much as possible.
maintain proper working temperature
The working temperature range of lithium iron phosphate battery is very wide (-20°C-75°C), but this does not mean that the working state of the battery at different temperatures in the interval is the same. Generally, the ambient temperature of the energy storage system is kept at 15°C-35°C. At this temperature level, the battery can fully discharge its capacity without compromising its capacity.
The low temperature performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries is poor. If the lithium iron phosphate battery is operated and charged and discharged in a low temperature environment for a long time, metal lithium will be precipitated on the surface of the positive electrode of the battery. This process is irreversible and can cause permanent damage to battery capacity.
The discharge capacity of the lithium iron phosphate battery at a temperature of 0~-20°C is equivalent to 88.05%, 65.52% and 38.88% of the discharge capacity at a temperature of 25°C, respectively. That is to say, as the temperature decreases, the average discharge voltage and discharge capacity of lithium-ion batteries will decrease, and the lower the temperature, the more obvious the decrease.
Although the high-temperature performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries is very good, too high a temperature can easily cause internal corrosion of the battery and affect the working performance of the battery. Therefore, to keep the battery at a suitable operating temperature, the installation location of the energy storage system is very important.
avoid long shelving
When the lithium battery is idle, due to the characteristics of the battery itself, phenomena such as self-discharge, passivation of positive and negative electrode materials, and decomposition of the electrolyte will occur. However, the SEI performance of the negative electrode is unstable, which will lead to a rapid decline in the active material of the negative electrode, and the precipitation of lithium metal is prone to occur, and this process is also irreversible.
Avoid Overcharging and Discharging
For lithium iron phosphate batteries, both over-discharging and over-charging will damage the capacity of the battery. The correct way to use lithium batteries is to charge when the power is low, avoid recharging when the power is exhausted, and avoid overcharging. In general, we recommend that you charge your device when its charge is below 20%.
Maintain battery consistency
balance
Usually, the battery packs of our energy storage products are realized by connecting single cells in series and parallel. Due to its characteristics, lithium battery packs have high requirements for the consistency of the monomers. As long as one of the batteries in a set is different from the others, the overall effect will be greatly reduced. Similar to the principle of wooden barrels, inconsistent single cells are used in series, and the life of the battery pack is always shorter than the shortest single cell.
Therefore, we do not recommend mixing old and new batteries or different types of batteries. However, with the use of batteries, it is inevitable that individual batteries will be inconsistent. At this time, it is necessary to balance the states of different batteries through equalization.
Reduce external impact
Some families place heavy objects on the energy storage battery for convenience. However, if the weight of the item is too high, mechanical deformation may occur in the long run due to material penetration, crushing and bending. Mechanical deformation is also often a cause of thermal runaway, which can lead to fires. In addition, excessive external temperature, excessive charging and discharging, and internal circuit short circuit are usually easy to cause thermal runaway. So we have to eliminate the trigger in the first place.
Generally speaking, the service life of lithium batteries is mainly affected by two aspects, one is the external use conditions, and the other is the internal factors of the battery.
From the perspective of external use conditions, the factors that affect the service life of lithium batteries mainly include charge and discharge methods, charge and discharge cut-off voltage, charge and discharge rate, operating temperature, storage conditions, etc.
From the perspective of battery internal factors, the use of lithium batteries in energy storage systems often appears in the form of battery packs. A battery pack is generally composed of hundreds of battery cells connected in series and parallel. The consistency of the battery is another important factor affecting the service life. The main performance is that the voltage, capacity, internal resistance and other parameters are inconsistent.
Therefore, after understanding the factors that affect the service life of lithium batteries, solving these problems can greatly improve the cycle life of lithium batteries, and the service life of lithium iron phosphate batteries with better maintenance can reach more than 10 years.
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